---
description: Wrangler commands for interacting with Cloudflare D1.
title: D1
image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/og-docs.png
---

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# D1

Last updated Aug 24, 2026|Copy as Markdown|[View as Markdown](https://e8aee267.previews.developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/commands/d1/index.md)|[Agent setup](https://e8aee267.previews.developers.cloudflare.com/agent-setup/)

Interact with [D1 databases](https://e8aee267.previews.developers.cloudflare.com/d1/) service using Wrangler.

## `d1 create`

Creates a new D1 database, and provides the binding and UUID that you will put in your config file

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

* `[NAME]` `string` required  
The name of the new D1 database
* `--location` `string`  
A hint for the primary location of the new DB. Options: weur: Western Europe eeur: Eastern Europe apac: Asia Pacific oc: Oceania wnam: Western North America enam: Eastern North America
* `--jurisdiction` `string`  
The location to restrict the D1 database to run and store data within to comply with local regulations. Note that if jurisdictions are set, the location hint is ignored. Options: eu: The European Union fedramp: FedRAMP-compliant data centers us: The United States
* `--use-remote` `boolean`  
Use a remote binding when adding the newly created resource to your config
* `--update-config` `boolean`  
Automatically update your config file with the newly added resource
* `--binding` `string`  
The binding name of this resource in your Worker

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 info`

Get information about a D1 database, including the current database size and state

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

* `[NAME]` `string` required  
The name of the DB
* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
Return output as JSON

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 list`

List all D1 databases in your account

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 list
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 list
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 list
```

* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
Return output as JSON

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 delete`

Delete a D1 database

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

* `[NAME]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--skip-confirmation` `boolean` alias: --ydefault: false  
Skip confirmation

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 execute`

Execute a command or SQL file

You must provide either --command or --file for this command to run successfully.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--command` `string`  
The SQL query you wish to execute, or multiple queries separated by ';'
* `--file` `string`  
A .sql file to ingest
* `--yes` `boolean` alias: --y  
Answer "yes" to any prompts
* `--local` `boolean`  
Execute commands/files against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
* `--remote` `boolean`  
Execute commands/files against a remote D1 database for use with remote bindings or your deployed Worker
* `--persist-to` `string`  
Specify directory to use for local persistence (for use with --local)
* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
Return output as JSON
* `--preview` `boolean` default: false  
Execute commands/files against a preview D1 database

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 export`

Export the contents or schema of your database as a .sql file

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

* `[NAME]` `string` required  
The name of the D1 database to export
* `--local` `boolean`  
Export from your local DB you use with wrangler dev
* `--remote` `boolean`  
Export from a remote D1 database
* `--skip-confirmation` `boolean` alias: --ydefault: false  
Skip confirmation
* `--output` `string` required  
Path to the SQL file for your export
* `--table` `string`  
Specify which tables to include in export
* `--no-schema` `boolean`  
Only output table contents, not the DB schema
* `--no-data` `boolean`  
Only output table schema, not the contents of the DBs themselves

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 time-travel info`

Retrieve information about a database at a specific point-in-time using Time Travel

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

For more information about Time Travel, see <https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/reference/time-travel/>

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--timestamp` `string`  
Accepts a Unix (seconds from epoch) or RFC3339 timestamp (e.g. 2023-07-13T08:46:42.228Z) to retrieve a bookmark for
* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
Return output as JSON

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 time-travel restore`

Restore a database back to a specific point-in-time

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

For more information about Time Travel, see <https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/reference/time-travel/>

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--bookmark` `string`  
Bookmark to use for time travel
* `--timestamp` `string`  
Accepts a Unix (seconds from epoch) or RFC3339 timestamp (e.g. 2023-07-13T08:46:42.228Z) to retrieve a bookmark for (within the last 30 days)
* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
Return output as JSON

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 migrations create`

Create a new migration

This will generate a new versioned file inside the 'migrations' folder. Name your migration file as a description of your change. This will make it easier for you to find your migration in the 'migrations' folder. An example filename looks like:

```
0000_create_user_table.sql

```

The filename will include a version number and the migration name you specify.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `[MESSAGE]` `string` required  
The Migration message

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 migrations list`

View a list of unapplied migration files

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--local` `boolean`  
Check migrations against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
* `--remote` `boolean`  
Check migrations against a remote DB for use with wrangler dev --remote
* `--preview` `boolean` default: false  
Check migrations against a preview D1 DB
* `--persist-to` `string`  
Specify directory to use for local persistence (you must use --local with this flag)

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 migrations apply`

Apply any unapplied D1 migrations

This command will prompt you to confirm the migrations you are about to apply. Confirm that you would like to proceed. After applying, a backup will be captured.

The progress of each migration will be printed in the console.

When running the apply command in a CI/CD environment or another non-interactive command line, the confirmation step will be skipped, but the backup will still be captured.

If applying a migration results in an error, this migration will be rolled back, and the previous successful migration will remain applied.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

* `[DATABASE]` `string` required  
The name or binding of the DB
* `--local` `boolean`  
Execute commands/files against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
* `--remote` `boolean`  
Execute commands/files against a remote DB for use with wrangler dev --remote
* `--preview` `boolean` default: false  
Execute commands/files against a preview D1 DB
* `--persist-to` `string`  
Specify directory to use for local persistence (you must use --local with this flag)

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

## `d1 insights`

  
Experimental

Get information about the queries run on a D1 database

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

* `[NAME]` `string` required  
The name of the DB
* `--time-period` `string` default: 1d  
Fetch data from now to the provided time period
* `--sort-type` `string` default: sum  
Choose the operation you want to sort insights by
* `--sort-by` `string` default: time  
Choose the field you want to sort insights by
* `--sort-direction` `string` default: DESC  
Choose a sort direction
* `--limit` `number` default: 5  
fetch insights about the first X queries
* `--json` `boolean` default: false  
return output as JSON

Global flags

* `--v` `boolean` alias: --version  
Show version number
* `--cwd` `string`  
Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
* `--config` `string` alias: --c  
Path to Wrangler configuration file
* `--env` `string` alias: --e  
Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
* `--env-file` `string`  
Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
* `--experimental-provision` `boolean` aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true  
Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
* `--experimental-auto-create` `boolean` alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true  
Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
* `--install-skills` `boolean` default: false  
Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
* `--profile` `string`  
Use a specific auth profile

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